General Rules of Traffic

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Basic Conditions for Participation in Road Traffic

General Participation Restrictions
A person who, due to age or reduced physical or mental abilities, could endanger traffic safety must not participate in road traffic. This restriction does not apply if the person or another individual has taken measures to ensure that road safety is not compromised.
Driving a Vehicle or Riding an Animal
Only a person who is physically and mentally capable of driving a vehicle or riding an animal and possesses the necessary level of skill in controlling the vehicle or animal, as well as knowledge of traffic regulations, may do so.
Driving a Motor Vehicle
A motor vehicle may only be driven by:

a) A person holding a valid driving license for the appropriate vehicle category, issued by the Czech Republic, an EU member state, a contracting party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, or another state under an international treaty that regulates road traffic.

b) A driving license applicant undergoing supervised training with a driving school instructor or taking a driving test.

c) A person preparing for a professional competence re-examination under the supervision of a driving school instructor, taking an exam as part of this re-examination, or participating in training for novice drivers under special regulations. If a driver has lost their driving license, this condition applies no earlier than 30 days before the end of their disqualification period.
Professional Qualification for Certain Vehicle Categories
Only a person who is professionally qualified under specific legal regulations or has been approved by the competent authority of another EU member state or Switzerland may drive vehicles from the following categories: C1, C1+E, C, C+E, D1, D1+E, D, or D+E.
- A qualification for categories C1, C1+E, C, and C+E is valid across all these categories.
- A qualification for categories D1, D1+E, D, and D+E is valid across these categories as well.
Exceptions to Professional Qualification Requirement
The professional qualification requirement does not apply to drivers who are not citizens of the Czech Republic, Switzerland, or another EU member state and who do not work for or operate a business within these states. It also does not apply to drivers of:

a) Vehicles with a design speed of no more than 45 km/h.
b) Vehicles used by the Czech Armed Forces, Police, municipal police, Prison Service, Customs Administration, General Inspection of Security Forces, and intelligence services.
c) Vehicles of the Fire Rescue Service, emergency medical services, and the State Material Reserves Administration.
d) Vehicles used for civil protection and mining rescue services.
e) Vehicles undergoing testing, repair, or maintenance.
f) Vehicles used for training and testing to obtain or improve driver qualifications.
g) Vehicles used for transporting goods that the driver uses in their employment or business, provided that driving is not their primary occupation.
h) Vehicles used for agricultural, forestry, or fisheries business within 50 km of the operator’s premises, provided that driving is not the driver's primary occupation.
i) Vehicles used for non-business purposes.
j) Agricultural and forestry tractors.
Prohibition of Traffic Interference Devices
No one may use technical devices that disable or interfere with equipment used for monitoring road traffic safety (commonly referred to as "radar jammers").

Duties of a Participant in Road Traffic

When participating in road traffic, every person is obliged to:

a) Behave considerately and in a disciplined manner so as not to endanger the life, health, or property of others or themselves, not to damage the environment, and not to threaten the lives of animals. Their behavior must be adapted to the structural and traffic-technical condition of the road,1) weather conditions, the traffic situation, their abilities, and their health condition.

b) Follow the rules of road traffic as stipulated by this law, obey the instructions of police officers, persons authorized to direct or regulate traffic on roads under § 75 paragraphs 5, 8 to 10, and vehicle stopping regulations under § 79 paragraph 1, as well as instructions issued by persons designated by special legal regulations5) to ensure the safety and smooth flow of road traffic.

c) Comply with light signals, and where applicable, accompanying acoustic signals, traffic signs, traffic devices, and operational information systems.

(1) The driver of a motor vehicle, in addition to the obligations listed in Sections 4 and 5, is further required to:

a) wear a seatbelt while driving, if the seat is equipped with one as required by special legal regulations,

b) not transport in a vehicle of category M1, N1, N2, or N3 which is not equipped with a restraint safety system:

a child under three years old,
a child shorter than 150 cm in the seat next to the driver,

c) transport in a vehicle of category M1, N1, N2, or N3 equipped with a restraint safety system, a child whose body weight does not exceed 36 kg and whose height does not exceed 150 cm, only using a child car seat; in this transport:

the child must be placed in a car seat appropriate for its weight and size,
a child must not be transported facing against the direction of travel in a child car seat on a seat equipped with an airbag that has not been deactivated, or if deactivated automatically,

d) place and secure the child car seat on the seat and the child in the child car seat according to the manufacturer's instructions for use of the child car seat,

e) transport in a vehicle of category M1, N1, N2, or N3 equipped with a restraint safety system a child whose body weight exceeds 36 kg or whose height exceeds 150 cm, only if the child is securely fastened in a seatbelt,

f) transport in a vehicle of category M1 and N1 equipped with a restraint safety system and where two child car seats are already placed on the rear seat, and where there is not enough space for a third car seat, a third child over three years old and shorter than 150 cm on the rear seat only if this child is securely fastened in a seatbelt,

g) instruct persons older than 3 years or those accompanying persons being transported in vehicles of category M2 and M3 equipped with a restraint safety system about the obligation to use the safety restraint system, if this information is not provided in another way,

h) wear a protective helmet of an approved type according to special legal regulations on the head and securely fasten it while driving a motorcycle or moped, and protect eyes with suitable eyewear or shield if it does not decrease the safety of driving, such as in the rain or snow.

(2) The provision in Paragraph 1, item (a) does not apply to:

a) the driver when reversing the vehicle,

b) a driver who cannot use a seatbelt due to health reasons,

c) drivers of vehicles of security forces, armed forces, and military intelligence while performing official duties, drivers of municipal police vehicles while performing municipal police duties, drivers of firefighting units and mountain rescue vehicles during emergency response, and drivers of vehicles of health emergency services when the use of a seatbelt would hinder the prompt exit from the vehicle in order to perform other duties.

(3) The provisions of Paragraph 1, items (c), (e), and (f) do not apply:

a) to a driver transporting a person whose health condition does not allow the use of a restraint safety system,

b) to the transport of a child in vehicles of security forces while performing official duties, in municipal police vehicles while fulfilling its duties, in firefighting units during emergency response, and in vehicles of health emergency services and mountain rescue during emergency response or when providing health services to the transported child,

c) until May 1, 2008, for the transport of children in vehicles providing transportation to and from kindergartens, elementary schools, or to sports, cultural, or social events, with the condition that the speed of the vehicle is limited to a maximum of 70 km/h.

(4) The provisions of Paragraph 1, item (c) do not apply to: the transport of children in a municipality in a taxi when performing taxi services; the child in item (c) must not be transported in the seat next to the driver and must be fastened with a seatbelt. However, if a child car seat is used during transport, the condition mentioned in Paragraph 1, item (c), point 2 must be fulfilled.

(5) The provisions of Paragraph 1, item (h) do not apply to drivers of Mountain Rescue vehicles when the use of a protective helmet could hinder or prevent communication with the person being rescued.

(6) Health reasons must be confirmed by a medical certificate, except in cases where the current health condition obviously indicates an unexpected health issue as part of the health reasons under Paragraph 2, item (b) and Paragraph 3, item (a). The driver, the transported child, or the accompanying person must carry this certificate with them during the journey and present it for inspection if requested by a police officer or municipal police officer. If it is not a permanent condition, the validity of the medical certificate must be limited to a maximum of one year. A special legal regulation specifies the details and form of the medical certificate.

(7) The driver of a motor vehicle must carry the following documents while driving:

a) a driver's license; this does not apply if they hold a valid driver's license from the Czech Republic,

b) a vehicle registration certificate according to special legal regulations; this does not apply if the vehicle is registered in the road vehicle registry according to special legal regulations,

c) a professional competence certificate or equivalent document issued by another member state or the Swiss Confederation, or a driver’s certificate according to directly applicable EU regulations governing access to the international road freight transport market with a notation on the driver’s professional competence, if it applies to them,

d) a health suitability certificate if the license holder is over 65 years old and must undergo regular medical examinations according to Section 87, Paragraph 1 or 3,

e) in the case of vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3, or O4, or vehicles of category T with a maximum speed exceeding 40 km/h:

a document of the last technical inspection if performed in another member state,
a document of the last regular technical inspection if the vehicle is registered in another member state.

(8) A driver is required to present the documents specified in Paragraph 7 for inspection if requested by a police officer, military police officer, municipal police officer, or customs officer. If they are not required to carry any of these documents while driving, they may instead prove their identity.

(9) If a driver presents a vehicle registration certificate that has been declared seized according to Section 6b, Paragraph 4, or a driver’s license that has been declared seized under Section 118b, Paragraph 6, or whose driver’s license has been revoked or suspended, the police officer, military police officer, municipal police officer, or customs officer will seize this document and immediately forward it to the relevant municipal office with extended jurisdiction. The driver will receive a confirmation of this action.

(10) A driver of a motor vehicle is required to submit the vehicle to a technical road inspection on request by a police officer, to inspect the placement, fastening, or securing of cargo, vehicle weight or combinations, axle weight distribution, wheel or wheel group weight, vehicle dimensions, or combinations with cargo, or to check compliance with the conditions for vehicle compatibility in combinations.

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Duties of a Driver

(1) In addition to the obligations stated in § 4, the driver is further obliged to:

a) Use a vehicle that meets the technical requirements set by a special legal regulation.

b) Pay full attention to driving the vehicle or riding an animal and monitor the traffic situation on the roads.

c) Adapt their driving to the technical properties of the vehicle or the physical characteristics of the animal.

d) Exercise increased caution, especially towards children, persons with limited mobility or orientation, persons with severe disabilities, and animals. The driver must also be mindful of vehicles transporting children, beginner drivers, or persons with severe disabilities (marked according to the implementing regulation) and training vehicles (marked according to a special legal regulation).

e) Remedy any defects on the vehicle immediately if they discover during the drive that the vehicle or its load does not meet the prescribed conditions stated in § 52. If immediate rectification is not possible, they may continue driving at an appropriate speed only to the nearest location where the defect can be fixed, while taking necessary measures to ensure road safety and prevent damage to roads or the environment.

f) Submit to an examination at the request of a police officer, military police officer, employer, attending physician, or municipal police officer to determine whether they are under the influence of alcohol.

g) Submit to an examination at the request of a police officer, military police officer, employer, attending physician, or municipal police officer to determine whether they are under the influence of a substance other than alcohol (hereinafter referred to as "other addictive substance").

h) Reduce speed or stop the vehicle before a pedestrian crossing if other drivers traveling in the same direction have already slowed down or stopped.

i) Ensure the safety of transported persons or animals and the secure transport of cargo.

j) Secure transported animals in such a way that they do not endanger the driver or passengers.

k) Ensure that the required number of competent and properly instructed persons are present during the journey if traffic safety requires it.

l) Wear reflective clothing accessories as specified by the implementing legal regulation under § 56(8) when outside the vehicle on a road due to an emergency stop; this does not apply to drivers of motorcycles, mopeds, and non-motorized vehicles.

(2) The driver must not:

a) Consume an alcoholic beverage or any substance containing alcohol (hereinafter referred to as "alcoholic beverage") or use any other addictive substance while driving.

b) Drive a vehicle or ride an animal immediately after consuming an alcoholic beverage or an addictive substance, or at a time when they may still be under the influence of alcohol or another addictive substance. In the case of substances specified in the implementing regulation, the driver is considered under the influence if the substance's level in their blood reaches the limit set by the regulation.

c) Drive a vehicle or ride an animal if their ability to do so is impaired due to their health condition.

d) Hand over control of the vehicle or entrust an animal to a person who does not meet the conditions under § 3(2) and (3), who is under the influence of alcohol or another addictive substance, or whose ability to drive or ride is impaired due to their health condition.

e) Throw objects from the vehicle.

f) Endanger or restrict a pedestrian crossing the road on a pedestrian crossing or who clearly intends to cross; if necessary, the driver must stop before the pedestrian crossing. These obligations do not apply to tram drivers.

g) Endanger a pedestrian crossing a road onto which the driver is turning, and must also not endanger pedestrians when turning off the road, entering the road, making a U-turn, or reversing.

h) Endanger a cyclist crossing the road at a bicycle crossing.

i) Drive a vehicle covered with dirt, ice, or snow that obstructs visibility from the driver's seat to the front, rear, and sides.

j) Drive a vehicle with ice on it or its cargo that could detach and pose a risk to road safety.

k) Drive a vehicle without a properly mounted state or military registration plate ("license plate") or with a plate that was not assigned to the vehicle.

l) Drive a vehicle with a covered, illegible, altered, or improperly placed registration plate that makes its readability impossible or significantly difficult.

(3) The obligation under paragraph (1)(a) does not apply to drivers of rescue vehicle units of the Mountain Rescue Service if the vehicle meets the conditions set by a special legal regulation and is primarily intended for movement in otherwise inaccessible terrain (snowmobile, ATV) with an attached trailer for transporting an injured person or rescue equipment. If the use of such a vehicle is necessary for handling emergencies or their prevention, the requirement may be waived on public roads.

(1) A technical road inspection refers to the inspection of the technical condition and functioning of a vehicle, its systems, structural parts, and individual technical units, as well as their impact on the environment, in order to detect or rule out defects in accordance with specific legal regulations. If the purpose of the technical road inspection cannot be achieved using the means or equipment available to the police at the inspection site, and if there are reasonable doubts about the vehicle’s technical suitability, the technical road inspection can also be carried out using a mobile inspection unit, at a technical inspection station, or at an emissions testing station.

(2) During a technical road inspection, the driver is obliged to:

a) drive to the mobile inspection unit, to a technical inspection station, or to an emissions testing station, if the detour, including the return journey, does not exceed 16 kilometers,

b) present the documents as per Section 6, Paragraph 7, Point e), if it concerns a vehicle of categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3, O4, or a vehicle of category T2 with a maximum speed exceeding 40 km/h, and

c) follow the instructions of the person conducting the inspection.

(3) Upon completion of the technical road inspection, the police will issue the driver a certificate. The data contained in this certificate will be transferred by the police to the Ministry of Transport (hereinafter referred to as "the Ministry"). The Ministry will make this data available through the technical inspection information system.

(4) The costs of conducting the technical road inspection will be paid by the police to the entity performing the inspection. If a serious or dangerous defect is found during the inspection, the vehicle driver must reimburse the police for the costs incurred in carrying out the inspection; the collection of these costs will follow the procedures outlined in the tax code.

(5) Technical road inspections are conducted regardless of the driver’s nationality and the country in which the vehicle is registered. The technical road inspection may not be conducted by a person who has a conflict of interest due to their relationship with the driver or the vehicle operator. The person performing the technical road inspection may not derive any financial or other benefits based on the result of the inspection. The operator of the mobile inspection unit must hold a professional certification as an inspection technician.

(6) Technical road inspections of vehicles in categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3, and O4 must be carried out so that the total number of inspections performed in a calendar year represents at least 5% of the total number of vehicles in these categories registered in the road vehicle register.

(7) The method and scope of conducting technical road inspections, the technical conditions for evaluating their results, the technical requirements for mobile inspection units, the necessary documentation for the inspection, the method and format for transferring the data contained in this documentation, and the way to determine the costs of conducting the technical road inspection will be specified by a legal regulation.

(1) If a dangerous defect is discovered during a technical road inspection or while investigating a traffic accident, which, due to its nature or extent, significantly increases the threat to road safety or the adverse impact of vehicle operation on the environment, the police officer will seize the vehicle registration certificate showing such a defect and issue a document to the vehicle driver or its operator, if present. The vehicle cannot be used in road traffic until a technical inspection report is issued according to Section 6c, Paragraph 1.

(2) In the document regarding the seizure of the vehicle registration certificate according to Paragraph 1, the police officer will include:

a) the identification details of the seized vehicle registration certificate,

b) the identified defects according to Paragraph 1,

c) information on whether the vehicle registration certificate was seized during a technical road inspection or while investigating a traffic accident,

d) the authority responsible for returning the seized vehicle registration certificate,

e) information about the consequences of seizing the vehicle registration certificate and the conditions for its return, and

f) if the driver did not present the vehicle registration certificate, the fact of this occurrence.

(3) The police will send the seized vehicle registration certificate, along with a copy of the seizure document and a copy of the technical road inspection document, if issued, without unnecessary delay, no later than the next working day after its seizure, to the municipal authority of the municipality with extended powers responsible for recording vehicle data in the road vehicle register according to a special legal regulation or to the Ministry if such an authority does not exist. If the vehicle registration certificate was not seized from the vehicle operator as per Paragraph 1, the police will also send a copy of the document to the operator within the same period.

(4) If there is a reason to seize the vehicle registration certificate according to Paragraph 1, and the driver has not presented it to the police officer, the police officer will declare the registration certificate as seized. Paragraphs 1 to 3 will apply accordingly, except that the vehicle registration certificate will not be attached to the copy of the seizure document, and the vehicle operator is obliged to submit the vehicle registration certificate within 5 working days from the day the seizure document was issued to them or its copy was delivered to them, to the authority as specified in Paragraph 3.

(5) Paragraph 1 does not apply to vehicles of the basic components of the integrated rescue system, vehicles of the armed forces, intelligence services vehicles, and vehicles of the Mountain Rescue Service.

(6) Dangerous defects, which, due to their nature or extent, significantly increase the threat to road safety or the adverse effects of vehicle or road train operation on the environment, and the templates for documents regarding the seizure of the vehicle registration certificate according to Paragraphs 1 and 4, will be defined by an implementing legal regulation.

(1) The authority to which the seized vehicle registration certificate was sent or delivered according to Section 6b, Paragraphs 3 or 4, will return the seized vehicle registration certificate to the vehicle operator upon their request, provided the applicant demonstrates with a technical inspection report that:

a) the dangerous defects identified during the technical road inspection have been rectified, or

b) the vehicle is technically fit for road use, in the case of dangerous defects identified during the investigation of a traffic accident.

(2) If the Ministry does not receive the request according to Paragraph 1 within 30 days from the day the seized vehicle registration certificate was delivered, it will send the certificate to the relevant central authority of the country that issued the vehicle registration certificate.

(3) The technical inspection report according to Paragraph 1 replaces the seized vehicle registration certificate for a period of 5 working days.

(1) A driver must not:

a) hand over the control of the motor vehicle to a person who does not meet the conditions of Section 3, Paragraph 3,

b) disturb other road users or other people, especially by excessive noise, air pollution, splashing puddles, mud, or unnecessarily leaving the engine of a stationary vehicle running,

c) hold a telephone device or other communication or recording device while driving,

d) smoke while riding a motorcycle, moped, or bicycle,

e) transport a person under 12 years old on the second seat of a motorcycle.

(2) A driver of a public transportation vehicle must not smoke inside the vehicle, eat or drink while driving, converse with passengers, allow passengers into the driver's area, start moving before the doors are closed, or open the doors before the vehicle has stopped.

(3) A driver of a taxi or occasional passenger transport vehicle must not smoke inside the vehicle while transporting passengers.

(4) The driver of a motor vehicle with a maximum permissible weight exceeding 3,500 kg, a special vehicle, or a combination of vehicles must drive downhill with the appropriate gear engaged. A driver of a motor vehicle with a maximum permissible weight not exceeding 3,500 kg must do so if it is required for driving safety.

(5) The provision in Paragraph 1, Letter c) does not apply to drivers of vehicles belonging to security forces, armed forces, and military intelligence while performing their duties, drivers of municipal police vehicles while performing their duties, and drivers of firefighting units, emergency medical services, and mountain rescue services during emergency situations.

Duties of the tram driver:

(1) The provisions of Sections 4, 5, and Section 7, Paragraph 1, Letters a) and c) apply to tram drivers.

(2) The tram driver is required to carry an identification card and a certificate of competence for operating a rail vehicle, as per a special legal regulation. Upon request from a police officer, the tram driver must present these documents to the officer for inspection.

Duties of a driving school instructor:

(1) While supervising a motor vehicle driver as per Section 3, Paragraph 3, Letters b) or c), a driving school instructor must not:

a) consume alcoholic beverages or use any other addictive substances during driving in a training vehicle,

b) perform the duties of a driving school instructor immediately after consuming alcoholic beverages or using any other addictive substances or during a period when they may still be under the influence of alcohol or other addictive substances; for assessing the instructor’s impairment due to other addictive substances, Section 5, Paragraph 2, Letter b) shall apply accordingly,

c) perform the duties of a driving school instructor if their ability to perform these duties is impaired due to their health condition.

(2) The driving school instructor, while supervising a motor vehicle driver as per Section 3, Paragraph 3, Letters b) or c), is required to:

a) submit to an examination upon the request of a police officer, military police officer, employer, attending physician, or municipal police officer to determine whether they are under the influence of alcohol,

b) submit to an examination upon the request of a police officer, military police officer, employer, attending physician, or municipal police officer to determine whether they are under the influence of any other addictive substance.

Duties of the transported person:

(1) The transported person is required to:

a) be fastened with a seatbelt while driving if the seat is equipped with a seatbelt according to a special legal regulation,

b) wear an approved type of protective helmet while riding a motorcycle or moped, as per a special legal regulation, properly fastened on the head,

c) not endanger traffic safety, especially by not restricting the driver's ability to control the vehicle safely,

d) follow the driver's instructions, particularly when boarding or disembarking the vehicle.

(2) The duty under paragraph 1, letter a) does not apply to persons over 18 years of age who are shorter than 150 cm, or to persons who cannot comply for health reasons, supported by a medical certificate. The medical certificate must be carried while riding; in cases where the condition is not permanent, the certificate's validity is limited to one year. The specific requirements of the medical certificate will be determined by an implementing regulation. If a person with a disability is being transported in a vehicle on a wheelchair, both the wheelchair and the person must be fastened with a special restraint system of an approved design.

(3) The duties under paragraph 1, letter a) do not apply to security forces, armed forces, and military intelligence when performing their official duties, municipal police while fulfilling their tasks according to the law, firefighters in fire protection vehicles, and rescue workers in the Mountain Rescue Service while responding to emergencies, where the use of a seatbelt would hinder rapid evacuation from the vehicle, driving instructors during training, and healthcare workers of emergency medical services, rescuers, or healthcare workers of the Mountain Rescue Service when providing medical services to a patient during transport.

(4) The duty under paragraph 1, letter b) does not apply to members of the Mountain Rescue Service in cases where wearing a helmet would hinder or prevent communication with the person being rescued, or where the health condition of the person being rescued excludes the use of a helmet.

(5) The transported person must not throw objects from the vehicle.

(6) The transported person on a motorcycle must keep their feet on the footrests and is not allowed to smoke.

(7) Side seating on a motorcycle is prohibited.

(8) A transported person who can actively participate in the vehicle's operation (such as pedaling, braking, negatively influencing the vehicle’s balance, or similar) must not consume alcoholic beverages or use any addictive substances during the ride or immediately before starting the ride, when they could still be under the influence of alcohol or another addictive substance. The provisions of Section 5, Paragraph 2, Letter b) apply similarly to assess the influence of other addictive substances on the transported person. The transported person is required to submit to an examination, upon request by a police officer, military police officer, employer, attending physician, or municipal police officer, to determine whether they are under the influence of alcohol or any other addictive substance.

Duties of the Vehicle Operator
(1) The vehicle operator must not:

a) command or allow the use of a vehicle on public roads that does not meet the conditions set by special legal regulations, unless it is a trailer (vehicle) for the Mountain Rescue Service according to § 5, paragraph 3,

b) entrust the operation of a vehicle to a person who does not meet the conditions under § 3, paragraph 2,

c) entrust the operation of a motor vehicle to a person who does not meet the conditions under § 3, paragraph 3,

d) command or entrust the independent operation of a vehicle to a person whose identity cannot be determined based on available data.

(2) The vehicle operator is required to ensure that the vehicle's color scheme and markings cannot be confused with those used by the Military Police under special legal regulations, the police under special legal regulations, customs administration under special legal regulations, municipal police under special legal regulations, the Prison Service of the Czech Republic (hereinafter "Prison Service") under special legal regulations, emergency medical services under special legal regulations, and fire protection units under special legal regulations.

(3) The vehicle operator must ensure that the driver's duties and the traffic rules established by this law are followed when using the vehicle on public roads.

(4) The vehicle operator and the person to whom the vehicle has been entrusted, except when the operator is an intelligence service, are required to provide the police, regional authorities, or municipal authorities with the necessary information to determine the identity of the driver suspected of violating the provisions of this law, upon request. This provision does not affect the provision of special legal regulations related to the right to refuse to testify or explain.

(5) The vehicle operator of a category M2 and M3 vehicle equipped with a restraint safety system must ensure that passengers over 3 years old or accompanying persons are informed of the obligation to use this restraint safety system. The methods of informing are determined by an implementing legal regulation.

§11 - Direction and Way of Driving

§12 - Driving in Lanes

§13 - Driving and Trams

§14 - Designated Lanes

§15 - Tram and Bus Stops

§16 - Avoiding Obstacles

§17 - Overtaking vehicles

§18 - Speed

§19 - Distance Between Vehicles

§20 - Passing Oncoming Cars

§21 - Turning

§22 - Driving through an Intersection

§23 - Entering a Road

§24 - U-Turning and Reversing

§25 - Stopping and Parking

§26 - Entering and exiting the Vehicle

§27 - Illegal Stopping and Parking

§28, 29 - Railway Crossing

§30 - Turn Signal

§31 - Warning Signal

§32,33 - Vehicle Lighting

§34 - Towing of Motor Vehicle Dimensions and Lighting

(1) On a public road, vehicles must drive on the right, and if there are no special circumstances, along the right edge of the roadway, unless otherwise specified.

(2) A driver of a motor vehicle may only drive on the shoulder when stopping, standing, or, if necessary, while overtaking, avoiding, turning, or maneuvering; in such cases, the driver must exercise increased caution.

(1) Outside towns, on a road with two or more lanes marked for traffic in one direction, the driver must use the rightmost lane. Other lanes may be used if necessary for overtaking, passing, turning, or maneuvering.

(2) In towns, on a road with two or more lanes marked for traffic in one direction, the driver may use any lane; it is not considered overtaking if vehicles in one lane are moving faster than those in another lane. If vehicles in all lanes hinder a faster vehicle, the driver in the leftmost lane must free up that lane as soon as possible; this does not apply if the leftmost lane is being used for turning, U-turns, or parallel driving according to paragraph 3. A driver of a truck over 3,500 kg, a vehicle with a length over 7 meters, special motor vehicles, motorcycles with a top speed of up to 45 km/h, and cyclists may only use the leftmost lane when necessary for overtaking, passing, turning, or maneuvering.

(3) If there is such traffic density on a road with two or more lanes in one direction that continuous vehicle flows are formed, where the driver's speed depends on the vehicles ahead, vehicles may drive in parallel (referred to as "parallel driving"); this is not considered overtaking if vehicles in one lane are moving faster than those in another.

(4) On a road with three or more lanes marked for traffic in one direction, the driver of a truck over 3,500 kg, a vehicle with a total length exceeding 7 meters, special motor vehicles, and motorcycles with a top speed of up to 45 km/h may only use the two lanes closest to the right edge of the roadway; they may use other lanes only if necessary for overtaking, turning, or maneuvering.

(5) A driver may only change lanes if they do not endanger or restrict the driver in the lane they are moving into; the driver must signal the lane change. During parallel driving, a driver must allow vehicles in the continuous lane to merge from a non-continuous lane, alternating one vehicle at a time. When two lanes converge into one and it is unclear which is continuous, the driver in the left lane must not endanger the driver in the right lane.

(6) On a road with three lanes marked for traffic in one direction, a driver may only change from the left lane to the middle lane if they do not endanger the driver moving into the middle lane from the right lane; the same procedure applies when changing from left lanes to middle lanes on roads with four or more lanes.

(7) If an entrance lane is provided for merging into a continuous lane, the driver must use the entrance lane before merging into the continuous lane. When merging from the entrance lane to the continuous lane, the driver must not endanger vehicles in the continuous lane. If there is no entrance lane, the driver must yield to vehicles in the continuous lane.

(8) If lanes are not marked on the roadway, for the purposes of paragraphs 3 and 5, a lane is considered as a part of the roadway that allows the movement of vehicles other than two-wheeled vehicles (motorcycles) in a traffic stream.

(1) Along a boarding or protective island, vehicles must drive on the right; driving on the left is allowed only if obstacles on the right prevent driving or if it is safer due to the size of the vehicle or load. Increased caution must be observed when driving along a boarding or protective island. Along a tramway, vehicles must drive on the right unless indicated by a traffic sign ("Overtaking tram") permitting driving on the left.

(2) A vehicle may only enter a tram lane at road level in a longitudinal direction when overtaking, passing, turning, making a U-turn, entering a road, or if special circumstances require it, such as insufficient space between the tram lane and the edge of the road. A raised or lowered tram lane, or one separated from the road by a curb or other means, may only be crossed transversely, at designated places. When entering a tram lane, the driver must not endanger or obstruct the tram.

(1) If a lane is designated by a traffic sign as a "Reserved Lane" (referred to as "reserved lane") for a specific type of vehicle, the provisions of § 13(2) apply similarly to the drivers of other vehicles. If the reserved lane is marked on a tramway, the provisions of § 21(7) also apply. A lane cannot be reserved for motorcycles.

(2) If a driver of a vehicle designated for a reserved lane is moving from the reserved lane to an adjacent lane, the driver in the adjacent lane must allow this by reducing speed or, if necessary, stopping. The driver in the reserved lane must signal any lane change and must not endanger other vehicles.

(3) If a vehicle designated for a reserved lane, or a tram, moves at a different speed than other vehicles going in the same direction, it is not considered mutual overtaking.

(4) If the traffic in a reserved lane marked on a tramway is controlled by traffic lights for trams, the driver of a vehicle in this lane must follow the tram traffic lights.

(5) If a lane is marked with horizontal traffic signs as a bike lane, the provisions of paragraphs 1 to 3 apply similarly to cyclists and drivers of other vehicles. A driver of another vehicle may enter a bike lane in the longitudinal direction if the adjacent lane is not wide enough for that vehicle. When entering a bike lane, the driver must not endanger cyclists in that lane.

(3) If a vehicle designated for a reserved lane, or a tram, moves at a different speed than other vehicles going in the same direction, it is not considered mutual overtaking.

(4) If the traffic in a reserved lane marked on a tramway is controlled by traffic lights for trams, the driver of a vehicle in this lane must follow the tram traffic lights.

(1) Passing must be done on the left. It is allowed to pass on the right when a vehicle is changing direction to the left, provided there is no doubt about the vehicle's future direction. When driving in an entry or exit lane, it is also allowed to pass a vehicle in the main lane on the right. The exit lane is an additional lane used for turning or moving vehicles out of the main lane.

(2) When overtaking, the driver must signal a change of direction and must not endanger the driver behind them. The driver must signal when overtaking a cyclist.

(3) When merging back into the lane after overtaking, the driver must signal and must not endanger or restrict the vehicle they passed.

(4) The driver of the overtaken vehicle must not increase their speed or otherwise obstruct the overtaking.

(5) A driver must not overtake:

a) if they cannot see far enough ahead to overtake safely,
b) if they would not be able to safely merge in front of the vehicle or vehicles they intend to pass,
c) if they would endanger or restrict oncoming drivers or endanger other road users,
d) on pedestrian crossings or cycling crossings, or immediately before them,
e) if the vehicle in front signals a left turn, and it is not possible to pass on the right according to subsection 1, or pass in another available lane in the same direction,
f) at intersections or immediately before one, with exceptions for:
1. overtaking on the right as allowed by subsection 1,
2. overtaking bicycles, mopeds, and motorcycles without sidecars,
3. on main roads,
4. at intersections with controlled traffic.
g) at railway crossings or immediately before one.

(6) When overtaking a cyclist, the driver of a motor vehicle must maintain a safe lateral distance. A safe lateral distance is defined as at least 1.5 meters between the nearest edges of the motor vehicle, trailer, or cargo and the bicycle, trailer, or cyclist. In areas with a maximum speed limit not exceeding 30 km/h, the safe lateral distance must be at least 1 meter.

(1) A driver must adjust their speed to their abilities, the characteristics of the vehicle and cargo, the expected condition of the road, its category, weather conditions, and other foreseeable circumstances; they may only drive at a speed that allows them to stop the vehicle within the distance they can see ahead.

(2) A driver must not:

a) suddenly reduce speed or stop unless required for safety,
b) obstruct traffic flow by driving too slowly or overtaking too slowly.

(3) A driver of a motor vehicle with a maximum permissible weight not exceeding 3,500 kg, a vehicle from the basic component of the integrated rescue system, or a bus may drive at speeds up to 90 km/h outside towns, up to 110 km/h on roads for motor vehicles, and up to 130 km/h on highways. Other motor vehicles may travel at a maximum speed of 80 km/h.

(4) Inside towns, the speed limit is 50 km/h, and on roads for motor vehicles or highways, it is 80 km/h.

(5) A driver must not exceed the vehicle’s maximum design speed, or in the case of a combination of vehicles, the maximum speed of any of the vehicles.

(6) Local traffic regulations may reduce the maximum permissible speed limits specified in subsections 3 and 4. On a highway or road for motor vehicles without separated lanes, the maximum speed limit may be reduced to 90 km/h.

(7) Local traffic regulations may increase the maximum permissible speed specified in subsection 4 by up to 30 km/h. For roads with separated lanes or highways, the speed limit in subsection 3 may be increased by up to 20 km/h.

(8) When using snow chains on a vehicle, the driver may only drive at a maximum speed of 50 km/h.

(9) The speed limits set in subsections 3, 4, and 8, as well as those set by local or temporary traffic regulations, do not apply to drivers of vehicles from intelligence services, the General Inspectorate of Security Forces, and specific units of the Czech Fire Rescue Service and the police, when necessary to carry out tasks set by special legal regulations, but they must take necessary precautions to avoid endangering road safety. Relevant authorities designate the specific units.

(1) A driver must maintain a safe distance behind another vehicle, allowing enough space to stop safely if the vehicle in front suddenly slows down or stops.

(2) A driver of a motor vehicle weighing more than 3,500 kg, a vehicle combination longer than 10 meters, or a special vehicle must maintain a distance sufficient for overtaking vehicles to safely merge in front of them. This rule does not apply when the driver is preparing to overtake, overtaking, or driving side by side.

(3) A driver who cannot or does not intend to pass on the right of a tram must maintain a distance behind it that allows other drivers to pass safely alongside the tram.

(1) When turning at an intersection or to a location outside the roadway, the driver must signal a change in direction; when turning, they must not endanger the driver behind them and must exercise extra caution.

(2) If required by circumstances, such as when carrying long cargo, the driver must ensure a safe turn with the help of a qualified and adequately instructed person.

(3) When turning right, the driver must move as close to the right edge of the road as possible. If the vehicle or cargo requires deviating left due to its size, they must signal a right turn. When turning left, the driver must position themselves as far left as possible within the part of the road designated for their direction, considering the vehicle’s size and road width. When drivers of oncoming vehicles are turning left, they must yield to the left.

(4) A driver leaving the main lane must enter the turn lane as soon as possible if it is marked.

(5) A driver turning left must give way to oncoming motor and non-motor vehicles, riders on animals, oncoming pedestrian groups, and animals with handlers, trams in both directions, vehicles in reserved lanes, and cyclists in cycling lanes.

(6) A driver turning right must give way to vehicles in reserved lanes and cyclists in cycling lanes. Where allowed to drive alongside a tram on the left, the driver must also yield to the tram.

(7) A tram crossing the direction of a vehicle moving to its right or left, signaling a change in direction, has the right of way.

(1) A driver approaching an intersection on a secondary road marked with the traffic signs "Give way!" or "Stop, give way!" must yield to vehicles or riders on animals coming from the main road, or to an organized group of pedestrians or animal herders coming from the main road.

(2) If the priority is not defined by paragraph 1, the driver must yield to vehicles or riders on animals coming from the right, or to an organized group of pedestrians or animal herders coming from the right.

(3) A driver must not enter an intersection if the situation does not allow for continuing driving through the intersection and beyond, thus forcing the driver to stop within the intersection. This does not apply if the driver stops within the intersection to fulfill obligations under § 5, paragraph 1, letter h), or when turning left according to § 21, paragraph 5.

(4) Upon the instruction of the traffic sign "Stop, give way!" the driver must stop the vehicle at a location where they have an adequate view of the intersection.

(5) A driver entering a roundabout marked with the traffic signs "Roundabout" together with "Give way!" or "Roundabout" with "Stop, give way!" must yield to vehicles and riders on animals already on the roundabout, and to an organized group of pedestrians or animal herders moving on the roundabout.

(1) When entering a road from a place outside the road, a driver must yield to vehicles or riders on animals on the road, or to an organized group of pedestrians or animal herders moving on the road. This also applies when entering from a service road, a bicycle path, or from a residential, pedestrian, or cycling zone onto another road.

(2) If the circumstances require it, especially if visibility is limited, the driver must ensure safe entry onto the road with the help of a qualified and appropriately instructed person.

(3) Vehicles entering a road must be cleaned beforehand to prevent contaminating the road.

(1) When turning, the provisions on turning (§ 21) apply, and when turning at an intersection, the provisions on driving through intersections (§ 22) also apply.

(2) When reversing, the driver must not endanger other road users.

(3) If circumstances require it, especially limited visibility, the driver must ensure safe turning or reversing with the help of a qualified and appropriately instructed person.

(4) A driver must not turn or reverse:

a) in blind spots or other dangerous locations, such as at a blind curve, near the crest of a hill, on it, or behind it,
b) at an intersection with controlled traffic or in its immediate vicinity,
c) on a pedestrian crossing,
d) on a bicycle crossing,
e) at a railway crossing or its immediate vicinity,
f) in a tunnel or its immediate vicinity,
g) on a one-way road; however, reversing is allowed if absolutely necessary, such as to enter a line of parked vehicles or to exit from it.

(1) The doors or sidewalls of a vehicle may only be opened, and people may only enter or exit the vehicle if it does not endanger the safety of the persons or other road users.

(2) If a driver intends to leave the vehicle in such a way that they cannot intervene immediately if needed, they must take measures to ensure the vehicle does not endanger road safety or could be misused by others. If the vehicle is equipped with an anti-theft device, it must be used. If the vehicle or combination is equipped with chocks, they must be used to secure the vehicle.

(3) A driver of a motor vehicle equipped with a portable warning triangle must use it in case of emergency stopping, such as due to a vehicle breakdown, accident, or sudden illness, if the vehicle is an obstacle to traffic. The triangle must be placed on the roadside so that it is visible to approaching drivers, at least 50 meters away, and 100 meters on highways. In towns, this distance can be shorter if circumstances require it. If the vehicle is equipped with warning lights, the driver must use them until the triangle is placed.

(1) A driver may stop and park only:

a) to the right in the direction of travel, as close as possible to the edge of the road, and on a one-way road, on both the right and left,
b) in one line, parallel to the edge of the road; in a town, a driver of a vehicle with a total weight not exceeding 3500 kg may stop and park perpendicular or diagonally to the edge of the road, or park in the second line, provided it does not endanger the safety and flow of traffic.

(2) A taxi driver may stop in the second line when providing taxi service, but must exercise necessary caution not to endanger the safety and flow of traffic.

(3) When parking, at least one traffic lane, at least 3 meters wide, must remain free for each direction of travel; when stopping, at least one traffic lane, at least 3 meters wide, must remain free for both directions of travel.

(4) When stopping and parking, the driver must not prevent other drivers from moving their vehicles from the line of parked cars. When stopping and parking next to a vehicle marked "Vehicle transporting a person with severe mobility disabilities," a minimum side clearance of 1.2 meters must be maintained.

(5) When approaching the edge of the road or the sidewalk for stopping or parking, the driver must signal a change of direction.

(6) A driver of a vehicle that has stopped or parked and is about to move away from the edge of the road or the sidewalk must signal a change of direction and must not endanger other road users. A driver of a public transport bus or trolleybus in a town must allow other vehicles to move out of a bus stop or bus lane by reducing speed, possibly stopping; the driver must not endanger vehicles traveling in the same direction.

a) in an unclear bend or in its immediate vicinity,

b) before an unclear summit of a road, on it, or behind it,

c) on a pedestrian crossing or a cyclist crossing, and at a distance shorter than 5 meters before them,

d) at an intersection and at a distance shorter than 5 meters before the boundary of the intersection or 5 meters after it; this restriction does not apply in municipalities on "T" shaped intersections on the opposite side of the connecting road,

e) in an entrance or exit lane,

f) at a tram, bus, or trolleybus stop without a boarding island, in the section beginning with the traffic sign "Bus Stop," "Tram Stop," or "Trolleybus Stop," and ending 5 meters behind the stop sign, or, where such a sign is absent, at a distance shorter than 30 meters before and 5 meters after the stop sign; if the stop is marked by a horizontal traffic sign "Bus or Trolleybus Stop" or "Tram Stop," this restriction applies only to the marked area,

g) at a railway crossing, underpass, or tunnel, and at a distance shorter than 15 meters before or after them,

h) where the vehicle would obscure a vertical traffic sign or a horizontal traffic sign "Direction Arrows" or "Street Markings,"

i) in a reserved lane or a lane for cyclists,

j) in lanes marked on the road outside the rightmost lane,

k) at a distance shorter than 5 meters from the beginning and end of the horizontal traffic sign "Continuous Longitudinal Line" or a boarding island where a free lane at least 3 meters wide would not remain between this sign or the boarding island and the vehicle,

l) on a bridge,

m) in a tunnel; this does not apply in cases of emergency parking in areas marked by the traffic sign "Emergency Parking"; in the case of emergency parking, the driver must turn off the engine,

n) before entering a road from a field or forest road or a location outside of a road,

o) in a reserved parking area if the vehicle is not designated for that area; this does not apply for stops and parking that do not exceed three minutes and do not endanger or restrict other road users or the vehicles for which the parking space is designated,

p) in a tram lane,

r) on road vegetation, unless allowed by local traffic regulations,

s) in other places where it would endanger road safety, particularly the movement of other vehicles.

(2) From 5:00 AM to 7:00 PM, parking is prohibited where there would not be a free lane at least 3.5 meters wide between the vehicle and the nearest tram track.

(3) On class I roads and, in reduced visibility, also on class II and III roads, stopping and parking outside of designated parking areas is prohibited.

(4) In a traffic circle marked by the signs "Circle" or "Change of Circle Direction," parking is prohibited.

(5) A police officer or municipal police officer will decide to remove a vehicle that is improperly parked in a reserved parking space; the vehicle will be removed at the operator's expense.

(6) The prohibition of stopping and parking in paragraphs 1 through 4 does not apply to drivers of security force vehicles, armed forces, and military intelligence when performing official duties, municipal police vehicles while carrying out their duties, and vehicles of fire protection units, emergency medical services, and Mountain Rescue Service during extraordinary events. The driver of such a vehicle, when stopping or parking, must take measures to ensure the safety and smooth traffic flow or mitigate such threats as much as possible.

(1) Before a railway crossing, a driver must exercise particular caution, especially to ensure that they can safely cross the railway.

(2) Vehicles must line up in the order in which they arrived before a railway crossing. Except for cases of simultaneous driving or driving according to § 12 paragraph 2, vehicles are only allowed to cross the railway crossing in a single lane of traffic.

(3) Within 50 meters before the railway crossing and while crossing, the driver must drive at a speed not exceeding 30 km/h. If the flashing white light of the crossing signal is showing, the driver may drive at a speed of up to 50 km/h within 50 meters before and while crossing the railway crossing. While crossing the railway, the driver must not unnecessarily prolong the time spent crossing.

(4) If a vehicle stops on a railway crossing, its driver must remove the vehicle from the railway track, and if they are unable to do so, they must immediately take all actions necessary to warn train drivers of the danger in time.

(5) Before a railway crossing where the traffic sign "Stop, give way!" is placed, the driver must stop the vehicle at a place where they have a clear view of the track.

1) A driver must not enter a railway crossing:

a) if a warning is being given by two alternating flashing red lights of the crossing signal,

b) if a warning is being given by a flashing sound from the crossing's horn or bell,

c) if the barriers are lowering, are lowered, or are raising,

d) if an approaching train or other railway vehicle is already visible or audible, or if its horn or whistle is heard; this does not apply if the flashing white light of the crossing signal is showing,

e) if a railway employee signals the vehicle to stop by waving a red or yellow flag, and in reduced visibility, by waving a red light,

f) if the situation behind the railway crossing does not allow for safe crossing and continuation of the journey.

(2) In the cases specified in paragraph 1, letters a), b), and c), the driver may only enter the railway crossing if they have received verbal permission to cross from an authorized employee of the railway operator before the crossing. In such cases, the driver must follow the instructions of the authorized employee of the railway operator when crossing. The authorized employee must present a valid authorization from the railway operator upon the driver's request.

(1) A driver must give a signal of a change of direction, except in cases mentioned in specific provisions, also whenever changing direction, deviating from it, or when traffic safety on the road requires it.

(2) A driver must give the turn signal in a timely manner before starting the driving maneuver, considering the traffic conditions, especially other drivers behind them and the nature of the maneuver.

(3) The turn signal should be given using the direction indicators. If the vehicle is not equipped with them or they are malfunctioning, the signal should be given by extending the arm. A signal of turning to the opposite side is made by raising the arm bent at the elbow. If necessary, especially when the signal given by the direction indicators or the arm is not sufficiently visible, for example due to the width of the load or reduced visibility, the signal must be given in another clear manner, such as by a capable and properly instructed person. Otherwise, the driver may perform the intended maneuver only in such a way that it does not endanger or restrict other road users.

(4) The signal given by the direction indicators should be turned off once the change of direction, deviation, or movement into the new lane is complete. The signal given by the arm should only be used before the maneuver begins.

(5) When entering a roundabout or driving around a roundabout, the driver does not need to signal a change of direction unless they are changing lanes according to § 12, paragraph 5. However, when exiting a roundabout, the driver must signal a change of direction.

(1) A driver must use an audible warning signal if necessary to prevent an imminent danger. Outside urban areas, a driver may also use an audible warning signal if it is necessary to alert a vehicle being overtaken.

(2) Instead of an audible warning signal, a driver may use a light warning signal by briefly flashing the high beams or by switching between low and high beams. This may also be done within urban areas to alert an overtaken vehicle.

(3) If it is necessary to alert other road users to an impending danger, especially when sudden speed reduction or stopping is required, the driver must use a light warning signal by activating the vehicle’s hazard lights.

(4) Warning signals should only be used for as long as necessary.

(1) A motor vehicle must have its sidelights and low beams or daytime running lights on while driving, if it is equipped with them according to special regulations. A tram must have its low beams or daytime running lights on.

(2) The vehicle must have its sidelights and low beams or high beams on during reduced visibility, if equipped according to special regulations.

(3) A driver must not use high beams if the road is sufficiently and consistently illuminated, or if the driver of an oncoming vehicle, the driver of a vehicle in front of them, another road user, the train conductor, the driver of another railway vehicle, or the driver of a vessel could be dazzled. When stopping before a railway crossing, the driver must not use low beams if they could dazzle the driver of an oncoming vehicle.

(4) Front fog lights should only be used in fog, snow, or heavy rain. Rear fog lights must always be used in fog, snow, or heavy rain.

(5) The active surface of lights must not be covered or excessively dirty.

(1) A motor vehicle or combination whose dimensions or cargo exceed the limits set by special regulations must have its sidelights and low beams on while driving.

(2) A vehicle standing in reduced visibility within an urban area at a place that obstructs traffic, or on a road outside an urban area, must have its sidelights or parking lights on at least on the side facing the center of the road, or it must be illuminated on that side with at least one white, non-dazzling light visible from both the front and rear. This does not apply in parking lots.

(1) When towing a motor vehicle, the maximum speed must not exceed 60 km/h.

(2) A motor vehicle may only be towed on a rope if it has fully functioning steering and effective brakes.

(3) A motor vehicle may only be towed on a bar if it has fully functioning steering. If the towed vehicle lacks effective brakes, its immediate weight must not exceed the immediate weight of the towing vehicle.

(4) When towing a motor vehicle, the length of the connecting device must be such that the distance between the vehicles does not exceed 6 meters. If a rope is used, the distance between vehicles must not be less than 2.5 meters, and if a bar is used, it must not be less than 1 meter. The connecting device must be clearly marked (a bar with red and white stripes of 75 mm width, a rope with a red flag or label measuring at least 300 x 300 mm).

(5) The drivers of the towing and towed vehicles must agree in advance on how to communicate during the trip.

(6) Towing more than one motor vehicle or a motor vehicle with a trailer is prohibited. However, a motor vehicle with a semi-trailer may be towed. A motor vehicle with a trailer may not tow another motor vehicle. Motorcycles without sidecars and mopeds may not be towed or used as a towing vehicle.

(7) A bus or motor vehicle towed with special equipment may only be towed without passengers.

(8) The towing vehicle must have its sidelights and low beams on. The towed vehicle must be clearly marked with a warning triangle, such as on the rear window or the back of the cargo area.

(9) During reduced visibility, the towed vehicle must have its sidelights or low beams on. If these lights are malfunctioning, the vehicle must be illuminated on the side facing the center of the road with a non-dazzling white light at the front and at least one red light at the rear. These lights must be clearly visible and must not be placed more than 400 mm from the vehicle's side outline.

Duties of the Vehicle Operator
(1) The vehicle operator must not:

b) entrust the operation of a vehicle to a person who does not meet the conditions under § 3, paragraph 2,

c) entrust the operation of a motor vehicle to a person who does not meet the conditions under § 3, paragraph 3,

d) command or entrust the independent operation of a vehicle to a person whose identity cannot be determined based on available data.

(3) The vehicle operator must ensure that the driver's duties and the traffic rules established by this law are followed when using the vehicle on public roads.

(1) A driver may not operate a vehicle if its weight, dimensions including cargo, or the distribution of weight on the axles, axle groups, wheels, or wheel groups endanger road safety or the condition of the road, unless its operation is permitted under a special legal regulation.

(2) A driver may not operate a road train if:

a) its weight or dimensions including cargo endanger road safety or the condition of the road, unless its operation is permitted under a special legal regulation,
b) the weight or dimensions of individual vehicles including cargo, the weight distribution among individual vehicles, or the distribution of weight on the axles, axle groups, wheels, or wheel groups endanger road safety or the condition of the road, unless permitted by a special legal regulation, or
c) the connection of the vehicles endangers road safety.

(3) A driver of a motor vehicle of category M2, M3, N2, N3 or a road train composed of this vehicle and a trailer of category O2 must carry the vehicle registration certificate or another official document that contains information on the vehicle's dimensions, if such information is not listed on the vehicle's attached label.

(4) If a vehicle is equipped with a foldable or removable device to reduce aerodynamic resistance, its use must not endanger road safety.

(5) The operator of a vehicle may not instruct or permit the use of the vehicle under paragraphs 1 or 2, unless its use is permitted under a special legal regulation.

(6) A regulatory legal regulation will specify the values for vehicle weight and dimensions, road train weight ratios, weight distribution on axles, axle groups, wheels, and wheel groups that endanger road safety or the condition of the road, conditions for coupling vehicles into road trains, and the use of foldable or removable devices to reduce aerodynamic resistance.

(1) It is prohibited for the driver and the transported passenger to smoke, handle open flames, or adjust or repair the vehicle's engine at a fuel station. Before fueling, the driver must stop the engine and turn off the ignition. If the vehicle uses an independent heating system, the driver must turn it off before approaching the fuel station.

(2) Drivers of vehicles with the right of priority have priority when fueling. They do so without using special warning signals.

(1) Whoever causes an obstacle to traffic on roads must immediately remove it; if they do not, the owner of the road will remove it at their expense.

(2) If it is not possible to immediately remove the obstacle, the person causing it must mark it and report it to the police.

(3) The obstacle must be marked so that other road users can notice it in time and from a sufficient distance, such as with a red flag, traffic devices like "Roadblock Sign," "Directional Plate," "Mobile Roadblock Sign," or a vehicle equipped with special warning lights in orange, blue, or blue and red colors. In reduced visibility, the traffic device must be supplemented with a yellow warning light. For vehicles required to have a portable warning triangle, § 26, paragraph 3 applies, and for vehicles in reduced visibility, § 33, paragraph 2 applies.

(4) If the obstacle is a vehicle, the removal decision will be made by a police officer or municipal police officer. On highways, a police officer may ask the individuals in paragraph 1 to remove the vehicle, and the vehicle will be removed at the operator's expense.

(5) If the obstacle is a road defect that prevents further safe travel, the police officer can prohibit vehicles from continuing on the road until the defect is removed and can prohibit other vehicles from entering that part of the road.

(6) The details regarding the marking of obstacles will be defined in a legal regulation.

(1) If a vehicle breaks down or if an accident occurs in a tunnel, the driver must immediately:
a) turn off the engine, and if the vehicle uses independent heating, turn off the heating as well,
b) take appropriate action to ensure the safety of traffic in the tunnel; if necessary, stop other vehicles,
c) report the vehicle stop or the stationary vehicle to the police or the person overseeing the tunnel's operation.

(2) In the cases listed in paragraph 1, neither the driver nor the transported passengers are allowed to smoke or handle open flames.

(3) Passengers must leave the vehicle and gather at designated locations, or exit the tunnel, in the cases described in paragraph 1.

(1) A traffic accident is an event in road traffic, such as a crash or collision, that occurred or started on the road and resulted in the death or injury of a person or damage to property directly related to the operation of a moving vehicle.

(2) A driver involved in a traffic accident must:
a) stop the vehicle immediately,
b) refrain from consuming alcoholic beverages or using any addictive substances after the accident for as long as it would interfere with determining whether they consumed alcohol or used any addictive substance before or during the drive, but at least until the police arrive,
c) take steps to prevent damage to persons or property, if there is a threat of it due to the accident, and
d) cooperate in determining the factual circumstances of the accident.

(3) Participants in a traffic accident are required to:
a) take appropriate actions to ensure the safety of road traffic at the accident site; if necessary, stop other vehicles,
b) report the accident to the police in the cases defined by this law; if someone is injured, provide first aid as appropriate and call emergency medical services for the injured person,
c) mark the accident site,
d) allow the resumption of traffic on the road, especially for public transportation vehicles,
e) immediately report to the police any damage to the road, public utilities, or the environment caused by the accident,
f) prove their identity and provide vehicle details when requested,
g) if the accident does not require police reporting, create a joint record of the accident, which must be signed and immediately submitted to the insurer; this record must include the identification of the location, time, participants, vehicles, causes, course, and consequences of the accident. The record can be made and signed electronically if the participants sign it with an electronic signature.

(4) If the accident results in death, injury, or property damage exceeding CZK 100,000 on any of the involved vehicles, including the transported goods, the participants must:
a) immediately report the accident to the police,
b) refrain from actions that would interfere with the proper investigation of the accident, especially relocating vehicles; however, if the situation requires it to be changed (e.g., for rescuing or providing medical assistance or resuming road traffic, especially for public transportation vehicles), the situation and evidence must be marked,
c) stay at the accident site until the police arrive or return immediately after providing or calling for help or reporting the accident.

(5) The duty under paragraph 4 also applies when:
a) property damage occurs to a third party's property, except for damage to a vehicle involved in the accident or damage to items transported in it,
b) damage or destruction of road infrastructure occurs under road law, or
c) participants cannot restore the flow of traffic on the road without undue effort.

§ 35

(1) On a highway, only motor vehicles and vehicle combinations with a design speed of at least 80 km/h are permitted. On a section of a highway passing through a municipality, motor vehicles and vehicle combinations for public transport with a design speed of at least 65 km/h are also permitted. Entry to the highway, walking, and driving on the highway are prohibited for other road users, except for service areas of the highway.

(2) A driver may enter and exit the highway only at designated locations.

(3) The restrictions in paragraphs 1 and 2 do not apply to vehicles used by the road administrator for road management and maintenance.

§ 36

(1) On the highway, it is prohibited for drivers to:

a) stop or park in areas other than designated parking spaces. In the case of emergency stopping as per § 26, paragraph 3, the vehicle must be stopped on the shoulder, and only if that is not possible, on the road. The driver must always mark the vehicle as an obstacle to road traffic. If the vehicle is required to be equipped with a portable warning triangle, the driver must place the triangle as specified in § 26, paragraph 3.

b) perform a U-turn, reverse, or enter the central divider, including places where the divider is interrupted.

(2) If a defect occurs in the vehicle or its load during travel, preventing the vehicle from reaching a speed of at least 80 km/h on level ground, the driver must exit the highway at the nearest exit.

(3) Towing a motor vehicle is allowed only if necessary to remove the vehicle from the highway. The vehicle may be towed only to the nearest exit, where it must leave the highway.

(4) A driver of a truck with a total weight exceeding 3,500 kg or a driver of a vehicle combination longer than 7 meters is prohibited from overtaking another vehicle if they do not have sufficient speed to avoid impeding other vehicles with a significantly lower speed.

§ 37

Unless otherwise specified in this section, the other provisions of this law apply to traffic on highways.

§ 38

The provisions concerning traffic on highways also apply to motorways.

§ 39

(1) A residential zone is a built-up area whose beginning is marked by the traffic sign "Residential Zone" and whose end is marked by the traffic sign "End of Residential Zone."

(2) A pedestrian zone is an area whose beginning is marked by the traffic sign "Pedestrian Zone" and whose end is marked by the traffic sign "End of Pedestrian Zone."

(3) In the residential and pedestrian zones, pedestrians are allowed to use the road for its entire width, and § 53 does not apply to them. Children playing on the road are only allowed in the residential zone.

(4) Entry to the pedestrian zone is allowed only for vehicles marked at the bottom of the traffic sign according to paragraph 2.

(5) In the residential and pedestrian zones, drivers may travel at a maximum speed of 20 km/h. They must exercise increased consideration for pedestrians and must not endanger them; if necessary, they must stop the vehicle. Parking is only allowed in areas marked as parking lots.

(6) For the purpose of traffic management, a municipality may, through a generally binding ordinance issued in transferred competence, define local roads or sections within the residential zone where parking of a freight vehicle or combination is not allowed.

(7) In the residential and pedestrian zones, pedestrians must give way to vehicles. This also applies to children playing in the residential zone.

§ 39a

(1) A bicycle zone is an area whose beginning is marked by the traffic sign "Bicycle Zone" and whose end is marked by the traffic sign "End of Bicycle Zone."

(2) In the bicycle zone, cyclists may use the entire road width, and § 57 paragraphs 2 and 3 do not apply to them.

(3) Entry to the bicycle zone is allowed for vehicles other than bicycles only if they are marked at the bottom of the traffic sign according to paragraph 1.

(4) In the bicycle zone, drivers may travel at a maximum speed of 30 km/h. They must exercise increased consideration for cyclists and must not endanger them; if necessary, they must stop the vehicle. Parking is only allowed in areas marked as parking lots.

(5) In the bicycle zone, cyclists must give way to motor vehicles.

§ 39b

(1) A shared zone is a built-up area whose beginning is marked by the traffic sign "Shared Zone" and whose end is marked by the traffic sign "End of Shared Zone," and is designated for use by all road users.

(2) In the shared zone, road users must exercise increased consideration for others, and must not endanger them. Tram drivers must not be hindered by other road users, and the tram always has the right of way.

(3) In the shared zone, pedestrians and cyclists may use the road for its entire width, and pedestrians are not subject to § 53 and 54, while cyclists are not subject to § 57 paragraphs 2 and 3. If a vehicle with right of way is approaching, pedestrians must immediately clear the way for the vehicle.

(4) In the shared zone, drivers may travel at a maximum speed of 20 km/h. Parking of motor vehicles is only allowed in areas marked as parking lots. Parking of bicycles and other non-motorized vehicles is only allowed in designated areas.

§ 40

(1) Unless otherwise specified in this section, the other provisions of this law apply to traffic in residential, pedestrian, bicycle, and shared zones.

(2) If the entry of cyclists onto a sidewalk or pedestrian path is permitted, the provisions of § 39 paragraphs 5 and 7 apply accordingly.

(1) From November 1 to March 31, if

a) there is a continuous layer of snow, ice, or frost on the roadway, or

b) due to weather conditions, it can be expected that there will be a continuous layer of snow, ice, or frost on the roadway during travel,

motor vehicles of category M or N2) may only be used for driving on roads if winter tires18a) are used, specifically for vehicles with a maximum permissible weight not exceeding 3500 kg on all wheels, and for vehicles with a maximum permissible weight exceeding 3500 kg on all wheels of the drive axles with permanent power transmission. The winter tires mentioned in the first sentence must have a tread depth of at least 4 mm, and for motor vehicles with a maximum permissible weight exceeding 3500 kg, at least 6 mm.

(2) The provisions of paragraph 1 do not apply to a spare tire used in the case of an emergency drive18a).

(11) Vehicles used by the police and marked according to a special legal regulation13), vehicles used by the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic or fire protection units that are not part of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, and vehicles used by emergency medical services may be equipped with a blue and red flashing warning light.

§ 42

(1) A driver of a vehicle equipped with an orange flashing warning light may only use this light if their driving or work activities could endanger road safety. If the vehicle's work activity requires it, the driver is not obliged to follow certain traffic rules specified in § 4 letter c), § 7 paragraph 1 letter b), § 11 paragraph 2, § 12 paragraphs 1, 2, and 4, § 13, § 14 paragraphs 1 and 2, § 18 paragraph 2 letter b), § 22 paragraph 3, § 24 paragraph 4 letters a), c), d), e), f), and g), § 25 paragraphs 1, 2, and 3, § 26 paragraph 3, § 27, § 28 paragraph 2, § 30, 36, 37, and § 39 paragraphs 4 and 5; however, they must exercise increased caution to avoid endangering road safety.

(2) Drivers of other vehicles must allow the vehicle equipped with an orange warning light to carry out its driving or work activities and must reduce their speed, or stop their vehicles if necessary.

(3) Groups (convoys) of armed forces or armed corps vehicles may be accompanied in front and behind by vehicles with an orange warning light. The accompanied vehicles must have their marker and low-beam lights on.

Definition of basic terms

(a) a road user is anyone who is directly involved in road traffic,

(b) the operator of a vehicle is the owner or other person who is registered as an operator in the register of road vehicles under a special legal regulation2) or in a similar register of another State,

(c) a handler of driven or driven animals is a road user who accompanies animals walking singly or in herds on a road; a handler of driven or driven animals is not a pedestrian leading a dog,

(d) a driver is a road user who drives a motor or non-motor vehicle or tramway; a driver includes a rider on an animal,

(e) a driver is a driver who drives a covered vehicle,

(f) vehicle means a motor vehicle, a non-motor vehicle or a tramway,

(g) a motor vehicle is a non-rail vehicle propelled by its own power unit and a trolleybus,

(h) a non-motorised vehicle is a trailer and a vehicle moving by human or animal power, such as a bicycle, a handcart or a covered vehicle,

(i) 'combination of vehicles' means a combination consisting of one or more motor vehicles and one or more trailers,2)

(j) a pedestrian includes a person pushing or pulling a sledge, pram, wheelchair or handcart with an overall width not exceeding 600 mm, moving on skis, roller skates or similar sports equipment or by means of a hand or motorised wheelchair, driving a bicycle, a motorcycle with a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc, a dog, etc,

(k) public passenger transport vehicle means a bus, trolleybus or tram,

(l) not to endanger means the obligation to act in such a way that no danger is caused to another road user,

(m) not to impede means the obligation to act in such a way that another road user is not obstructed in any way,

(n) to stop means to bring a vehicle to a standstill beyond the time allowed for stopping,

(o) to stop means to bring the vehicle to a standstill for the time strictly necessary for the immediate embarkation or disembarkation of persons being carried or for the immediate loading or stowage of goods,

(p) to stop the vehicle means to interrupt the journey for a reason beyond the control of the driver,

(q) to yield the right of way means an obligation on the driver not to commence or continue a journey or a driving operation if the driver who has the right of way should suddenly have to change direction or speed,

(r) 'motorway' means a road marked with a road sign 'Motorway',

(s) 'motor vehicle road' means a road marked with the road sign 'Motor vehicle road',

(t) 'lane' means a part of the carriageway allowing vehicles to travel in a single consecutive lane,

(u) a merging lane is an additional lane intended to allow vehicles to merge into the flow of traffic of a continuous lane,

(v) the shoulder is the part of the road surface lying between the edge of the adjacent lane and the edge of the road crown,1) generally consisting of a paved and an unpaved part,

(w) an intersection is a point at which roads intersect or join; an intersection does not include the junction of a dirt or forest road or other purpose-built road with another road,

(x) the boundary of an intersection is the place marked by the horizontal traffic sign "Transverse continuous line", "Transverse continuous line with the symbol Give way!" or "Transverse continuous line with STOP sign"; where there is no such traffic sign, the boundary of the intersection shall be the perpendicular to the road axis at the point where the curvature of the road edge begins for the intersection,

(y) a controlled traffic intersection is an intersection at which traffic is controlled by traffic lights or accompanying acoustic signals or by a police officer in uniform (hereinafter referred to as "police officer"), a member of the Military Police in uniform (hereinafter referred to as "military police officer") or directed by a municipal police officer in uniform (hereinafter referred to as "municipal police officer"),

(z) a through lane is a lane running in its original direction (without turning) through an intersection or at a point where the number of lanes changes,

(aa) a tram lane is a part of a roadway intended primarily for tramway traffic,

(bb) a level crossing is a place where a road crosses a railway or another railway on a separate track and is marked by a traffic sign,

(cc) a municipality is a built-up area, the beginning and end of which is marked on the road by appropriate traffic signs; signs shall not be placed on purpose-built roads,

(dd) a pedestrian crossing is a place on a land road designated for pedestrian crossing and marked by an appropriate traffic sign,

(ee) an obstacle to traffic on the road is anything which could endanger the safety or smooth flow of traffic on the road, such as cargo, material or other objects, a vehicle left on the road or defects in the passability of the road,

1. resides for at least 185 days in a calendar year for reasons of personal ties, which means in particular cohabitation, family ties, ownership or rental of real estate, and, where applicable, also for reasons of business, other self-employment or dependent employment in the Czech Republic, or

2. he or she resides for reasons of personal ties and returns to this place regularly, although he or she is engaged in business, other self-employed activity or dependent work in another State, unless the exercise of such activity in another State is limited to a fixed period of time,

(ii) a safety restraint system is a device approved under a special legal provision2) and designed to ensure the safety of the persons carried; a safety restraint system is a safety belt or a child restraint system (hereinafter referred to as a 'child car seat'),

(jj) child car seat means a device approved under a special legal regulation2) intended to ensure the safety of children transported whose body mass does not exceed 36 kg and whose body height does not exceed 150 cm,

(kk) national traffic information system means a system containing up-to-date information on the situation in road traffic affecting the safety and fluidity of road traffic,

(ll) a cycle crossing is a place on a road designated for cyclists to cross the road marked with a relevant traffic sign,

(mm) 'convoy of vehicles' means a continuous stream of several vehicles in which each vehicle cannot be overtaken individually and the spacing between vehicles when overtaking or passing does not allow safe overtaking,

(nn) personal technical device means a passenger carrier with a self-balancing device or similar device.